Gross Margin Calculator
Calculate your gross margin percentage, gross profit in dollars, and markup ratio instantly from revenue and cost of goods sold. Compare margins across products, evaluate pricing strategies, and benchmark profitability against industry standards — essential for business owners, accountants, and investors.
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What is Gross Margin?
Gross margin is the percentage of revenue remaining after subtracting the direct cost of producing goods or services (COGS). Calculated as (Revenue − COGS) ÷ Revenue × 100, a gross margin of 40% means the company retains $0.40 from every dollar of sales to cover operating expenses, marketing, R&D, and profit. It is the most fundamental profitability metric for any business.
Gross margins vary dramatically by industry: SaaS and software companies often achieve 70-85%, professional services 50-70%, retail and e-commerce 25-50%, grocery stores 25-35%, restaurants 60-70% (on food), and manufacturing 25-40%. Tracking gross margin trends over time and comparing against industry benchmarks reveals whether a business is pricing effectively and controlling production costs.
적용 수학 공식 및 방정식
이 Gross Margin Calculator는 5가지 핵심 수학 공식을 사용합니다:
1 Gross Margin Percentage ▼
Revenue of $500,000 with COGS of $300,000: Gross Margin = ($200,000 / $500,000) × 100 = 40%.
2 Gross Profit ▼
Revenue $500,000 - COGS $300,000 = Gross Profit $200,000.
3 Markup Percentage ▼
With $200K profit on $300K COGS: Markup = ($200K / $300K) × 100 = 66.7%. Note: markup and margin are different calculations.
Explore all calculation options on the 비율 계산기 home page.
비율 계산기 사용법
이 비율 계산기는 아래의 3단계로 쉽게 사용할 수 있습니다:
수치 입력하기
입력 칸에 알고 있는 비율 값을 입력합니다. 구하려는 미지수 자리의 칸 하나는 비워둡니다.
모드 선택하기
비율 모드(풀기, 간소화, 스케일링)를 선택합니다. 각 모드는 입력한 수치에 맞춰 다른 공식들을 적용합니다.
결과 확인하기
계산하기 버튼을 누릅니다. 결과 화면에 정답과 함께 시각적인 비율 바, 원형 차트, 상세한 단계별 풀이 과정이 출력됩니다.
실제 예제 문제 및 단계별 풀이
비율 계산기를 활용하여 아래 3가지 예제 문제를 단계별로 해결하는 과정입니다:
입력 1 Revenue $250,000 and COGS $150,000
입력 2 Product costs $12 to make, sells for $30
입력 3 Target 35% margin, COGS is $65
자주 묻는 질문 (FAQ)
What is a good gross margin? ▼
It varies by industry. Software/SaaS: 70-85% is standard. Professional services: 50-70%. Retail: 25-50%. Grocery: 25-35%. Manufacturing: 25-40%. Restaurants: 60-70% on food. Compare to your specific industry average rather than a universal benchmark.
What is the difference between gross margin and net margin? ▼
Gross margin subtracts only direct production costs (COGS) from revenue. Net margin subtracts all expenses including operating costs, interest, and taxes. A company can have a healthy 60% gross margin but only 10% net margin after accounting for marketing, rent, salaries, and other overhead.
How do I calculate the selling price from a target margin? ▼
Use: Selling Price = COGS ÷ (1 - Target Margin). For a product costing $12 with a target 40% margin: Price = $12 ÷ (1 - 0.40) = $12 ÷ 0.60 = $20.00. Verify: ($20 - $12) ÷ $20 = 40% margin.
What is the difference between margin and markup? ▼
Margin = Profit ÷ Selling Price. Markup = Profit ÷ Cost. On a $100 sale with $60 cost: Margin = 40/100 = 40%. Markup = 40/60 = 66.7%. Margin is always lower than markup for the same transaction. Most financial statements use margin; retailers often use markup.
Does gross margin include labor costs? ▼
It includes direct labor — the workers directly involved in producing the product or delivering the service. It does not include indirect labor like management, accounting, marketing, or administrative staff. Those fall under operating expenses and affect operating margin, not gross margin.
How does volume affect gross margin? ▼
Higher volumes often improve gross margin through economies of scale: bulk material discounts, better factory utilization, and lower per-unit overhead allocation. However, if volume requires overtime labor, premium shipping, or additional equipment, margin may decrease beyond a certain point.
What is contribution margin? ▼
Contribution margin = Selling Price - Variable Costs per unit. It is similar to gross margin but includes only variable costs (not fixed manufacturing overhead). It shows how much each unit contributes toward covering fixed costs and generating profit. It is used in break-even analysis.
Should I track gross margin by product or overall? ▼
Both. Product-level margins reveal which items are most profitable and which may be selling at a loss. Company-wide margin shows overall business health. A healthy company margin can mask unprofitable products that drag down the average.
How does gross margin affect company valuation? ▼
Higher gross margins indicate pricing power, competitive advantages (brand, patents, switching costs), and efficient operations. Investors value high-margin businesses more highly because they can sustain profitability through economic downturns. SaaS companies with 80%+ margins command premium valuation multiples.
What reduces gross margin over time? ▼
Common causes include: rising raw material or input costs, competitor price pressure forcing lower prices, unfavorable product mix shifts (selling more low-margin products), manufacturing inefficiencies, supply chain disruptions increasing logistics costs, and currency fluctuations for international sourcing.
Can gross margin be negative? ▼
Yes. If COGS exceeds revenue, the gross margin is negative — the company loses money on every unit sold before any operating expenses. This is unsustainable and indicates the product is priced below cost or production is severely inefficient. Negative margin sometimes occurs temporarily in loss-leader strategies or market entry pricing.